Sanbuichi Yusuisui (Yamanashi Prefecture) Complete Guide｜History and Charm of Japan’s Hundred Selected Waters, Thorough Explanation of Access Methods
Sanbuichi Yusuisui (さんぶいちゆうすい), located in Takane Town, Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture, is a clear spring water nurtured by the rich nature at the southern foot of the Yatsugatake Mountains. Selected as one of Japan’s Hundred Selected Waters, it supports the lives of local people as a precious water source, with approximately 3.1 million tons of water (approximately 8,500 tons per day) gushing forth annually.
This article comprehensively provides information you should know before visiting, covering the historical background of Sanbuichi Yusuisui, the mechanism of its unique water distribution system, its charm throughout the four seasons, information on surrounding facilities, and detailed access methods.
What is Sanbuichi Yusuisui? Overview of the Famous Water at the Southern Foot of Yatsugatake
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is natural spring water that gushes from the southern foot of Yatsugatake, where snow and rainwater that accumulated on the peaks of Yatsugatake pass through the ground over many years. Located in an area at an altitude of approximately 1,000 meters, the water temperature remains stable at around 10 degrees Celsius throughout the year.
What is Japan’s Hundred Selected Waters?
In Showa 60 (1985), the Environment Agency (now the Ministry of the Environment) selected Sanbuichi Yusuisui as one of the “Hundred Selected Waters of Japan,” recognized as part of the “Yatsugatake Southern Foot Highland Spring Water Group” along with Metori Yusuisui and Otaki Yusuisui. This selection evaluated the water quality, abundant water volume, and historical and cultural value in the region.
Characteristics and Water Quality of the Spring Water
The water quality of Sanbuichi Yusuisui is extremely good, containing minerals in a well-balanced composition. It naturally filters as it passes through the volcanic geological layers of Yatsugatake, appearing on the surface as clear water. This abundant spring water is currently used as agricultural irrigation water, serving as an important water source supporting the region’s agriculture.
The Origin of the Name Sanbuichi Yusuisui and Its Historical Background
The unique name “Sanbuichi” (literally “one-third”) contains the wisdom of ancestors in resolving disputes over water use in this region.
History of Water Disputes
From the Sengoku period through the Edo period, villages located downstream experienced fierce disputes over water use. It is said that initially six villages were involved, but later the water was divided among three regions, giving rise to the name “Sanbuichi.”
The conflicts over this precious water resource were serious, sometimes escalating to life-or-death struggles. Fairly distributing the limited water sources at the southern foot of Yatsugatake was the most critical issue for the region.
Takeda Shingen and the Water Distribution System
Legend has it that the water dispute was resolved by Takeda Shingen, a Sengoku daimyo of Kai. Shingen devised a groundbreaking system by placing a water distribution box at the spring outlet and setting a triangular stone pillar in the center, equally distributing the spring water in three directions.
This triangular stone pillar is called the “distribution stone” and works by physically dividing the water flow into three equal parts. This water distribution system, which ingeniously utilizes gravity and the properties of water, relies entirely on human wisdom without using any electricity or machinery.
Mountain Collapse and Changes in the Spring Water Location
The area at the southern foot of Yatsugatake is geologically unstable and has experienced several mountain collapses throughout history. Each time, the spring water location was swept away, and local people cooperated in repeated repairs. The current form of the distribution pool is said to have been completed in Showa 19 (1944).
Despite the difficult wartime period, local people made efforts to maintain and manage the water source, carefully preserving it to this day.
The Mechanism of Sanbuichi Yusuisui’s Water Distribution System
The greatest attraction of Sanbuichi Yusuisui is the water distribution system created by the triangular stone pillar placed in the center.
Structure of the Distribution Pool
At the spring outlet, a distribution pool surrounded by stones is set up, with a triangular stone pillar positioned in the center with its apex pointing upstream. The gushing water strikes this triangular stone pillar and splits into three directions—left, right, and center—flowing through different water channels to the downstream areas.
Principle of Equal Distribution
The angles of each face of the triangular pillar and the widths of the water channels are precisely calculated so that the water volume naturally divides into three equal parts. This mechanism has the excellent characteristic of maintaining equal distribution even when water volume increases or decreases.
From the perspective of modern technology, this simple yet effective water distribution system demonstrates remarkable completeness and is highly evaluated from the viewpoint of civil engineering history.
Current Usage Status
Today, water distributed from Sanbuichi Yusuisui continues to be used as agricultural irrigation water, nourishing the rice fields and fields in the region. The fact that a system devised hundreds of years ago continues to function in its original role speaks to the greatness of the wisdom of our ancestors.
Attractions and Four-Season Charm of Sanbuichi Yusuisui Park
The area surrounding Sanbuichi Yusuisui is developed as a park, with an environment created for visitors to enjoy comfortable walks.
Spring Charm
In spring, the surrounding trees bud and the fresh greenery of the season arrives. The spring water volume increases due to melting snow, allowing observation of a more forceful water flow. Highland plants unique to the southern foot of Yatsugatake are also visible, making it an ideal time for nature observation.
Summer Charm
Being located at approximately 1,000 meters altitude, it remains cool and comfortable even in summer. The spring water temperature stays around 10 degrees Celsius year-round and is very cold, allowing visitors to feel coolness by simply immersing their hands on hot days. The area is popular as a summer resort, attracting many tourists.
Autumn Charm
In autumn, the surrounding trees change color, creating beautiful scenery with the contrast between autumn foliage and spring water. The sound of water heard in the clear air calms the mind. Among the four seasons, this is particularly suited for photography.
Winter Charm
In winter, a fantastical scene unfolds with spring water in snowy landscapes. Since the water temperature is higher than the outside temperature, steam rising from the water can be observed. This is a season to experience the powerful force of water gushing endlessly even in harsh cold.
Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall｜Detailed Information on Exhibits and Facilities
“Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall,” located adjacent to Sanbuichi Yusuisui, is a comprehensive information facility about the spring water.
Museum and Exhibition Facility
The museum inside the hall provides clear explanations of the mechanisms and origins of spring water at the southern foot of Yatsugatake, scientific information about water quality, and displays about the region’s history and legends related to water, using panels and models.
Records of natural disasters such as mountain collapses and the efforts of local people in overcoming them are also available to learn, making it an educational facility of high value.
Soba Restaurant Sanbuichi
“Soba Restaurant Sanbuichi,” located in the Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall complex, serves carefully made hand-made soba using buckwheat grown in the region by the spring water. The soba made by skilled artisans is fragrant and flavorful, beloved by many repeat customers.
Soba made with spring water reflects the quality of the water directly in its taste, allowing visitors to enjoy the unique deliciousness of this region.
Agricultural Products Direct Sales Shop
The “Agricultural Products Direct Sales Shop,” which sells fresh vegetables and processed goods produced locally, is also popular. Highland vegetables grown in the cool climate at the southern foot of Yatsugatake are high quality, with various agricultural products displayed during each season.
Local specialty products and souvenirs are also abundant, and many tourists purchase items as mementos of their visit.
Facility Hours and Contact Information
Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall
- Address: 〒408-0002 3261 Yamakita-Kita Wari, Takane Town, Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture
- Phone: 0551-30-7866
- Hours: Monday–Friday 8:30–17:15 (Closed Saturdays, Sundays, holidays, and year-end/new year period)
※The business hours for the soba restaurant and direct sales shop may differ, so it is recommended to confirm before visiting.
Access Methods to Sanbuichi Yusuisui｜Detailed Guide
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is accessible by both car and train. Each method is explained in detail below.
Access by Car
When Using the Chuo Expressway
From the Chuo Expressway Nagasaka Interchange, the distance is approximately 20 minutes. After exiting the interchange, proceed north on National Route 141 toward Kiyosato.
When using car navigation, setting “Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall” or the address “3261 Yamakita-Kita Wari, Takane Town, Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture” as the destination makes navigation smooth. Direction signs are also posted, making the route relatively easy to follow.
Parking Information
The parking lot at Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall is free to use. Space is secured for approximately 30 regular vehicles and several large buses, with relatively good availability even during tourist season.
Access by Train
From JR Koumi Line Kaikoizumi Station, the distance is approximately 10 minutes on foot (approximately 800 meters). Heading west from the station, Yusuisui is located within a small grove.
Since the Koumi Line has limited train frequency, it is recommended to check the schedule in advance. The path from the station to the spring water is relatively flat, allowing visitors to walk and explore leisurely.
Access by Bus
Bus routes also operate, but since the frequency is limited, access by car or train is more convenient. If you are considering using the bus, please check Hokuto City’s public transportation information in advance.
Combining with Nearby Tourist Attractions
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is also recommended to be visited in combination with other tourist attractions in the Kiyosato Plateau and Yatsugatake area. Other famous water spots such as Metori Yusuisui and Otaki Yusuisui are nearby, and visitors can enjoy spring water tours.
Photography Spots and Photography Tips for Sanbuichi Yusuisui
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is also popular as a subject for photography.
Recommended Photography Locations
Distribution Pool and Triangular Stone Pillar
The most iconic subject is undoubtedly the triangular stone pillar in the center of the distribution pool. Capturing the moment the water splits in three directions allows visual expression of the historical significance of this location.
Spring Water Surface
The highly transparent water surface and the landscape reflected in it also make beautiful subjects. On clear days in particular, the blue sky and trees reflected in the water create fantastical photographs.
Landscape Throughout the Seasons
The surrounding nature displays different expressions with each season—spring’s fresh greenery, summer’s deep green, autumn’s autumn leaves, and winter’s snowy landscape—all making attractive photography subjects.
Photography Precautions
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is currently an important water source used for agricultural irrigation. When photographing, please note the following:
- Always take trash with you to avoid contaminating the water source
- Do not touch the water distribution system or obstruct the water flow
- Be considerate of other visitors and do not cause disturbance
- Do not enter private property
Other Spring Water Spots in the Yatsugatake Southern Foot Area
When visiting Sanbuichi Yusuisui, it is recommended to also visit other springs selected as Japan’s Hundred Selected Waters in the area.
Metori Yusuisui
One of the Yatsugatake Southern Foot Spring Water Group, it boasts abundant water volume. The surrounding area has well-maintained walking trails for exploration.
Otaki Yusuisui
The sacred water that gushes within the grounds of Otaki Shrine has been cherished by local people since ancient times. Combined with the solemn atmosphere of the shrine, it is also popular as a spiritual spot.
Recommendation for Spring Water Tours
These springs are located at relatively close distances, making it possible to visit multiple springs in one day. Each has different characteristics and attractions, allowing visitors to experience the abundance of water resources at the southern foot of Yatsugatake.
Important Precautions and Etiquette When Visiting Sanbuichi Yusuisui
Etiquette for Water Source Protection
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is a precious water source and an important resource supporting regional agriculture. When visiting, please observe the following etiquette:
- Do not throw trash into the spring water or distribution pool
- Do not engage in activities that pollute water (laundry, dishwashing, etc.)
- Do not let pets enter the water
- Do not shout or make excessive noise
Clothing and Belongings
Being located at approximately 1,000 meters altitude, the temperature is lower than at lower elevations. Particularly in spring and autumn, or in early morning and evening, it can become cold, so bringing a jacket is recommended.
While some areas in the park are paved, there are also walking paths utilizing natural terrain, so visiting in comfortable walking shoes is advisable.
About Drinking Water
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is used as agricultural irrigation water, and water quality testing for drinking purposes is not regularly conducted. Therefore, drinking the water is at your own risk. If you need drinking water, it is recommended to prepare it in advance or purchase it at Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall.
Regional History and Culture｜People Living with Water
Water Culture of the Yatsugatake Southern Foot
In the region at the southern foot of Yatsugatake, a unique water culture centered on spring water has been fostered since ancient times. A system for fairly distributing and jointly managing limited water resources has served to strengthen regional community bonds.
Tradition of Water User Associations
Today, water user associations managing water distributed from Sanbuichi Yusuisui continue to exist, conducting maintenance of water channels and cleaning activities. This traditional shared management system is an important case study in understanding Japanese rural culture.
Struggle Against Disasters
The southern foot of Yatsugatake, with its volcanic geology, has always been exposed to the risk of natural disasters such as mountain collapse. Yet local people have repeatedly repaired the spring water location and continued to protect the water source. This indomitable spirit provides many insights to us in the modern era.
Scientific Aspects of Sanbuichi Yusuisui｜Mechanism of Spring Water
Geology of Yatsugatake and Relationship to Spring Water
Yatsugatake is a volcano that began activity approximately one million years ago, with geological layers of complex structure. Precipitation and snowmelt pass through volcanic ash and lava layers, naturally filtering into groundwater through this process.
This groundwater gushes forth at the surface along geological layer boundaries or along faults, forming Sanbuichi Yusuisui and other spring water groups at the southern foot of Yatsugatake.
Water Quality Characteristics
The water of Sanbuichi Yusuisui maintains extremely clear water quality while containing appropriate minerals as it passes through volcanic geological layers. The pH ranges from neutral to slightly alkaline, and the hardness is relatively low soft water.
Stability Throughout the Year
One characteristic of Sanbuichi Yusuisui is that water temperature and volume remain relatively stable throughout the year. This is thought to be because groundwater retention time is long and the water is less susceptible to seasonal fluctuations.
Regional Revitalization Using Sanbuichi Yusuisui
Utilization as a Tourist Resource
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is positioned as an important tourist resource for Hokuto City. Leveraging the national brand power of Japan’s Hundred Selected Waters, it attracts many tourists as part of Kiyosato Plateau and Yatsugatake tourism.
Educational Utilization
Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall implements environmental education programs targeting local elementary and junior high school students. It serves an important educational role as a place to learn about the importance of water, the wisdom of ancestors, and regional history.
Specialty Product Development
Development of specialty products utilizing this abundant spring water is also progressing. Starting with the hand-made soba served at Soba Restaurant Sanbuichi, local agricultural products are nurtured by the clear spring water, with product development focusing on “blessings of water” as a sales point.
Conclusion｜Charm of Sanbuichi Yusuisui and Value of Visiting
Sanbuichi Yusuisui is not merely a tourist attraction. There lies the story of ancestors who resolved water disputes through wisdom, the efforts of regional people who overcame natural disasters while protecting the water source, and a technological heritage in the form of a water distribution system that continues to function in its original role.
Clear water selected as one of Japan’s Hundred Selected Waters, beautiful nature that changes expression throughout the four seasons, and delicious soba and fresh agricultural products nurtured by the spring water at the southern foot of Yatsugatake. Sanbuichi Yusuisui, which provides diverse attractions to visitors, can be called one of Yamanashi Prefecture’s representative destinations.
The accessibility is also attractive—approximately 20 minutes from Chuo Expressway Nagasaka Interchange, approximately 10 minutes on foot from JR Koumi Line Kaikoizumi Station. When visiting Kiyosato Plateau or Yatsugatake, be sure to stop at Sanbuichi Yusuisui to experience the wisdom of ancestors and the blessings of nature.
At Sanbuichi Yusuisui Hall, you can learn in detail about the mechanisms and history of spring water, enjoy regional cuisine at the soba restaurant, and purchase fresh agricultural products at the direct sales shop. The ability to experience diverse activities in one location is a major attraction of the Sanbuichi Yusuisui area.
The relationship between water and people, wisdom in living in harmony with nature, regional history and culture. Visiting Sanbuichi Yusuisui allows you to experience all of these. Please visit in person and experience the value of this precious water source with all five senses.
